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  • Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › RISK › Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Single-Pilot Resource Management

    Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Single-Pilot Resource Management While CRM focuses on pilots operating in crew environments, many of the concepts apply to single-pilot operations. Many CRM principles have been successfully applied to single-pilot aircraft ... development of Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM). SRM is defined as the art and science of managing all the resources (both on-board the aircraft and from outside sources) available to a single pilot (prior to and during flight…

  • Chapter 8: Aeronautical Decision-Making in Flight › Single-Pilot Resource Management

    Single-Pilot Resource Management Single-pilot resource management (SRM) specifically refers to appropriate management of all resources available to the single pilot. SRM includes competencies such as situational awareness, communication skills, teamwork, task allocation, aeronautical decision-making, risk management, controlled ... flight into terrain (CFIT) awareness, and automation management. Resources are found both inside and outside the aircraft. Many of the concepts are similar to crew resource management (CRM). 12350 Learning to recognize these resources is an essential part…

  • Chapter 7: Automation & Flight Path Management › Balancing Automated & Manual Flight

    move to lower levels of automation suitable to a changing environment. 12292 For example, a pilot may track an approach course adequately using manual control inputs. However, the pilot may also need to listen to and record the Automatic Terminal ... Information Service (ATIS), retrieve and load an instrument approach procedure, prepare for the instrument approach, and accomplish the appropriate checklists. These tasks will increase workload and divert pilot attention from monitoring and controlling the flight path. If using an autopilot…

  • Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Ground Lighting Illusions › How To Prevent Landing Errors Due to Optical Illusions

    along a straight path, such as a road or lights on moving trains, can be mistaken for runway and approach lights. Bright runway and approach lighting systems, especially where few lights illuminate the surrounding terrain, may create the illusion ... less distance to the runway. The pilot who does not recognize this illusion will often fly a higher approach. How To Prevent Landing Errors Due to Optical Illusions To prevent these illusions and their potentially hazardous consequences, pilots…

  • Glossary › Domestic Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum

    lungs can decompress. Lung damage is possible. F FA. See area forecast. FAA. Federal Aviation Administration. FAF. See final approach fix. False horizon. Inaccurate visual information for aligning the aircraft, caused by various natural and geometric formations that disorient ... Feeder facilities. Used by ATC to direct aircraft to intervening fixes between the en route structure and the initial approach fix. Final approach. Part of an instrument approach procedure in which alignment and descent for landing are accomplished. Final approach…

  • Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › The Decision-Making Process › The 5 Ps Check

    last two decision points are just prior to descent into the terminal area and just prior to the final approach fix, or if VFR, just prior to entering the traffic pattern as preparations for landing commence. Most pilots execute approaches ... with the expectation that they will land out of the approach every time. A healthier approach requires the pilot to assume that changing conditions (the 5 Ps again) will cause the pilot to divert or execute the missed approach…