PL.XII.A.R5

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-22
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Vision in Flight › Night Blind Spot

  Night Vision There are many good reasons to fly at night, but pilots must keep in mind that the risks of night flying are different than during the day and often times higher. [Figure 17-16] Pilots who are cautious ... educated on night-flying techniques can mitigate those risks and become very comfortable and proficient in the task. Night Blind Spot It is estimated that once fully adapted to darkness, the rods are 10,000 times more sensitive to light…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-24
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Vision in Flight › Night Vision Protection

  This precaution increases the rate of dark adaptation at night and improves night visual sensitivity. Oxygen Supply Unaided night vision depends on optimum function and sensitivity of the rods of the retina. Lack of oxygen to the rods (hypoxia) significantly ... their sensitivity. Sharp clear vision (with the best being equal to 20–20 vision) requires significant oxygen especially at night. Without supplemental oxygen, an individual’s night vision declines measurably at pressure altitudes above 4,000 feet. As altitude increases…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 10-2-8
  Chapter 10. Helicopter Operations › Section 2. Special Operations › 10-2-2. Helicopter Night VFR Operations

  principles of lighting and seeing conditions are useful in any night VFR operation. While ceiling and visibility significantly affect safety in night VFR operations, lighting conditions also have a profound effect on safety. Even in conditions in which visibility ... determined to be visual meteorological conditions, the ability to discern unlighted or low contrast objects and terrain at night may be compromised. The ability to discern these objects and terrain is the seeing condition, and is related to the amount…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-27
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Flicker Vertigo › Night Landing Illusions

  Night Landing Illusions Landing illusions occur in many forms. Above featureless terrain at night, there is a natural tendency to fly a lowerthan-normal approach. Elements that cause any type of visual obscurities, such as rain, haze, or a dark ... aircraft is closer to the runway, especially where few lights illuminate the surrounding terrain. Prior to flying at night, it is best to learn and know the challenges of the area in which you are flying in. Study the area…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-9
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Diving or Rolling Beyond the Vertical Plane › Coping with Spatial Disorientation

  than 3 miles) or where a visible horizon is not evident, such as flight over open water during the night, obtain training and maintain proficiency in aircraft control by reference to instruments. 4. Do not fly into adverse weather conditions ... into dusk or darkness unless proficient in the use of flight instruments. If intending to fly at night, maintain night-flight currency and proficiency. Include cross-country and local operations at various airfields. 5. Ensure that when outside visual references…

• 14 CFR Part 61 — Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground InstructorsOpen
  14 CFR § 61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements.

  Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements. (v) Night vision goggle operation flight planning, including night terrain interpretation and factors affecting terrain interpretation. (2) Except as provided under paragraph (k)(3) of this section, a person ... pilot in command of an aircraft using night vision goggles only if that person receives and logs flight training from an authorized instructor and obtains a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor who found the person proficient…