PL.V.G.S5

From the FAA library

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. PCG T-6
  Pilot/Controller Glossary › T

  landing surface. (See ICAO term TOUCHDOWN.) TOUCHDOWN [ICAO]- The point where the nominal glide path intercepts the runway. Note: Touchdown as defined above is only a datum and is not necessarily the actual point at which the aircraft will ... touch the runway. TOUCHDOWN RVR- (See VISIBILITY.) TOUCHDOWN ZONE- The first 3,000 feet of the runway beginning at the threshold. The area is used for determination of Touchdown Zone Elevation in the development of straight-in landing minimums…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-12
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Runway Surface and Gradient

  Runway Surface and Gradient Runway conditions affect takeoff and landing performance. Typically, performance chart information assumes paved, level, smooth, and dry runway surfaces. Since no two runways are alike, the runway surface differs from one runway to another, as does ... surface affects the braking ability of the aircraft. The amount of power that is applied to the brakes without skidding the tires is referred to as braking effectiveness. Ensure that runways are adequate in length for takeoff acceleration and landing…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. G-26
  Glossary › Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual

  runway visibility value. SA. See selective availability. St. Elmo’s Fire. A corona discharge which lights up the aircraft surface areas where maximum static discharge occurs. Satellite ephemeris data. Data broadcast by the GPS satellite containing very accurate orbital data ... error data. Sea breeze. A coastal breeze blowing from sea to land caused by the temperature difference when the land surface is warmer than the sea surface. The sea breeze usually occurs during the day and alternates with the land…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 8-1-6
  Chapter 8. Medical Facts for Pilots › Section 1. Fitness for Flight › 8-1-5. Illusions in Flight

  lose control of the aircraft in attempting to align it with the light. 3. Illusions Leading to Landing Errors. (a) Various surface features and atmospheric conditions encountered in landing can create illusions of incorrect height above and distance from…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-4
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Final Approach › Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance

  excessive rate of descent or a low altitude stall. It is possible for either or both to occur. Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance A wrong surface landing occurs when an aircraft lands or tries to land on the wrong runway ... pilot should verify correct runway alignment and runway number. Pilots often refer to moving map displays driven by GPS, and these devices should increase situational awareness and safety. If there is a doubt over the landing surface, the pilot should…

• 14 CFR Part 91 — General Operating and Flight RulesOpen
  14 CFR § 91.176 Straight-in landing operations below DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) under IFR.

  identify the runway threshold using at least one of the following visual references— (1) The beginning of the runway landing surface; (2) The threshold lights; or (3) The runway end identifier lights. (B) The pilot must identify the touchdown zone ... runway touchdown zone landing surface; (2) The touchdown zone lights; (3) The touchdown zone markings; or (4) The runway lights. (iii) At 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation of the runway of intended landing and below that altitude…