PL.II.E.R2
Risk managementUnexpected runway changes.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › Hazard and Risk › A = Aircraft
this aircraft equipped for the flight? Instruments? Lights? Navigation and communication equipment adequate? • Can this aircraft use the runways available for the trip with an adequate margin of safety under the conditions to be flown? • Can this aircraft carry ... weather may be different than forecast. Have alternative plans and be ready and willing to divert, should an unexpected change occur…
- Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Runway Surface and Gradient
Ensure that runways are adequate in length for takeoff acceleration and landing deceleration when less than ideal surface conditions are being reported. Figure 11-15. Takeoff distance chart. The gradient or slope of the runway is the amount of change ... runway height over the length of the runway. The gradient is expressed as a percentage, such as a 3 percent gradient. This means that for every 100 feet of runway length, the runway height changes by 3 feet. A positive…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Runway Incursion Avoidance
preflight planning, before descending to land and while taxiing, as needed. • Know airport signage. • Review NOTAM for information on runway/ taxiway closures and construction areas. • Request progressive taxi instructions from ATC when unsure of the taxi route. • Check for traffic ... before crossing any runway hold line and before entering a taxiway. • Turn on aircraft lights and the rotating beacon or strobe lights while taxing. • When landing, clear the active runway as soon as possible, then wait for taxi instructions before…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Stop Bar Lights › New Lighting Technologies
Technologies A top priority of the FAA is to continue to enhance airport safety while maintaining airport capacity. Reducing runway incursions is a major component of this effort. Runway incursions develop quickly and without warning during routine traffic situations ... airport surface, leaving little time for corrective action. The Runway Status Lights (RWSL) System is designed to provide a direct indication to you that it is unsafe to enter a runway, cross a runway, or takeoff from or land…
- Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Water on the Runway and Dynamic Hydroplaning
Water on the Runway and Dynamic Hydroplaning Water on the runways reduces the friction between the tires and the ground and can reduce braking effectiveness. The ability to brake can be completely lost when the tires are hydroplaning because ... layer of water separates the tires from the runway surface. This is also true of braking effectiveness when runways are covered in ice. When the runway is wet, the pilot may be confronted with dynamic hydroplaning. Dynamic hydroplaning…
- Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Assessment of Piloting Ability › Visualization
Normal Challenges Instructors should teach learners how to solve ordinary problems encountered during flight. Traffic pattern congestion, change in active runway, or unexpected crosswinds are challenges the learner masters individually before being able to perform them collectively. Visualization SBT lends ... with the learner describing the progress of the flight. Then, the instructor adds unforeseen circumstances such as a sudden change in weather that brings excessive winds during final approach. Other examples of SBT can have the instructor adding undesired landing…