PL.IX.C.R2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-34
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors and Stalling Speeds

  Load Factors and Stalling Speeds Any aircraft, within the limits of its structure, may be stalled at any airspeed. When a sufficiently high AOA is imposed, the smooth flow of air over an airfoil breaks up and separates, producing ... abrupt change of flight characteristics and a sudden loss of lift, which results in a stall. A study of this effect has revealed that an aircraft’s stalling speed increases in proportion to the square root of the load factor…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-25
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Stalls

  critical AOA, but as stated above, it does not completely stop producing lift. In most straight-wing aircraft, the wing is designed to stall the wing root first. The wing root reaches its critical AOA first making the stall progress ... outward toward the wingtip. By having the wing root stall first, aileron effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining controllability of the aircraft. Various design methods are used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first. In one design…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 7-23
  Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Turbine Engines › Compressor Stalls

  Compressor Stalls Compressor blades are small airfoils and are subject to the same aerodynamic principles that apply to any airfoil. A compressor blade has an AOA that is a result of inlet air velocity and the compressor’s rotational velocity ... combine to form a vector, which defines the airfoil’s actual AOA to the approaching inlet air. A compressor stall is an imbalance between the two vector quantities, inlet velocity, and compressor rotational speed. Compressor stalls occur when the compressor…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-9
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Airspeed Indicator Markings

  Airspeed Indicator Markings Aircraft weighing 12,500 pounds or less, manufactured after 1945, and certificated by the FAA are required to have ASIs marked in accordance with a standard color-coded marking system. This system of color-coded markings enables ... pilot to determine at a glance certain airspeed limitations that are important to the safe operation of the aircraft. For example, if during the execution of a maneuver, it is noted that the airspeed needle is in the yellow…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-48
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Boundary Layer Separation › Sweepback

  words, the use of sweepback “softens” the force divergence. A disadvantage of swept wings is that they tend to stall at the wingtips rather than at the wing roots. [Figure 5-69] This is because the boundary layer tends ... tips of a swept wing are on the aft part of the wing (behind the CL), a wingtip stall causes the CL to move forward on the wing, forcing the nose to rise further. The tendency for tip stall…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 5-12
  Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Stalls › Stall Recognition

  Indications of a full stall are typically that an uncommanded nose down pitch cannot be readily arrested, and may be accompanied by an uncommanded rolling motion. For airplanes equipped with stick pushers, their activation is also an indicator ... full stall. Although it depends on the degree to which a stall has progressed, some loss of altitude is expected during recovery. The longer it takes for the pilot to recognize an impending stall, the more likely it is that…