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  • Chapter 10. Helicopter Operations › Section 1. Helicopter IFR Operations › 10-1-1. Helicopter Flight Control Systems

    that are required to be in operation or engaged for IFR flight in either the single or two pilot configuration. Often, particularly in two pilot operation, this level of augmentation is less than the full capability of the installed systems ... approach. 3. Vnei (never exceed speed - IFR). 4. Maximum approach angle. 5. Weight and center of gravity limits. 6. Aircraft configuration limitations (such as aircraft door positions and external loads). 7. Aircraft system limitations (generators, inverters, etc.). 8. System testing…

  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Defenses Provided by the Pilot or Crew › Time Management

    approach can request a delay or a vector that gives more time for completing checklists or configuring the aircraft…

  • Chapter 7: Automation & Flight Path Management › Balancing Automated & Manual Flight

    Continuing the scenario above, the pilot loads the instrument approach and decides to remain on autopilot. However, after the aircraft passes the initial approach fix, ATC cancels the approach clearance. ATC provides vectors and tells the pilot to expect ... comply with the assignment from ATC. The lower level of automation allows the pilot to program and configure the aircraft for an unexpected change while keeping the flightpath and aircraft state under control. 12295 Pilots may sometimes choose to disengage…

  • Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 4. Wake Turbulence › 7-4-3. Vortex Strength

    given aircraft can also be changed by extension of flaps or other wing configuring devices. However, the vortex strength from an aircraft increases ... proportionately to an increase in operating weight or a decrease in aircraft speed. Since the turbulence from a “dirty” aircraft configuration hastens wake decay, the greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is HEAVY, CLEAN, and SLOW. b. Induced…

  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Causes of Errors › Psychological Effects

    What is an Undesired Aircraft State? Flight crew error creates an undesired aircraft state described as: • Incorrect aircraft position, speed, attitude, or configuration. • An in-flight situation that causes pilot confusion and increased workload. • Reduced safety margins and increased risk…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Climb Performance Factors › Range Performance

    condition is obtained at maximum lift/ drag ratio (L/DMAX), and it is important to note that for a given aircraft configuration, the L/DMAX occurs at a particular AOA and lift coefficient and is unaffected by weight or altitude. A variation ... cases, it is not always true as there are different variables to every situation. Each aircraft configuration is different, and there is not a rule of thumb that encompasses all of them as to how to achieve the max range…