PL.IX.A.R4
Risk managementEffect of environmental elements on aircraft performance (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high density altitude).
From the FAA library
- Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Straight-and-Level Flight
Straight-and-Level Flight All of the principal components of flight performance involve steady-state flight conditions and equilibrium of the aircraft. For the aircraft to remain in steady, level flight, equilibrium must be obtained by a lift equal ... aircraft weight and a powerplant thrust equal to the aircraft drag. Thus, the aircraft drag defines the thrust required to maintain steady, level flight. As presented in Chapter 4, Aerodynamics of Flight, all parts of an aircraft contribute…
- Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance Charts
Performance Charts Performance charts allow a pilot to predict the takeoff, climb, cruise, and landing performance of an aircraft. These charts, provided by the manufacturer, are included in the AFM/POH. Information the manufacturer provides on these charts has been gathered ... from test flights conducted in a new aircraft, under normal operating conditions while using average piloting skills, and with the aircraft and engine in good working order. Engineers record the flight data and create performance charts based on the behavior…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aircraft Design Characteristics › Lateral Stability (Rolling)
There are four main design factors that make an aircraft laterally stable: dihedral, sweepback, keel effect, and weight distribution. Dihedral Some aircraft are designed so that the outer tips of the wings are higher than the wing roots. The upward ... subject to a decrease in angle of attack, and develops a decrease in lift. The changes in lift effect a rolling moment tending to raise the windward wing, hence dihedral contributes to a stable roll due to sideslip. [Figure…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Wingtip Vortices › Avoiding Wake Turbulence
Avoiding Wake Turbulence Wingtip vortices are greatest when the generating aircraft is “heavy, clean, and slow.” This condition is most commonly encountered during approaches or departures because an aircraft’s AOA is at the highest to produce the lift necessary ... land or take off. To minimize the chances of flying through an aircraft’s wake turbulence: • Avoid flying through another aircraft’s flight path. • Rotate prior to the point at which the preceding aircraft rotated when taking off behind another…
- Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Altimeter Operation
altimeter indicates an altitude above the actual field elevation. If the barometric pressure setting is reset to the current altimeter setting of 29.68 "Hg, then the field elevation is again indicated on the altimeter. This pressure change ... easily noticed in flight since aircraft fly at specific altitudes. The aircraft steadily decreases true altitude while the altimeter is held constant through pilot action as discussed in the previous section. Knowing the aircraft’s altitude is vitally important…
- 14 CFR § 61.411 What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?
airship, and (v) 15 hours of flight time as pilot in command in an airship that is an aircraft meeting the performance limits and design requirements of § 61.316. (e) Lighter-than-air category and balloon class privileges, | (1) 35 hours ... flights in a balloon, and (iii) 5 flights as pilot in command in a balloon that is an aircraft meeting the performance limits and design requirements of § 61.316. (f) Weight-shift-control aircraft category privileges, | (1) 150 hours of flight…