PL.V.D.R2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-12
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

  aircraft leaving ground effect after takeoff encounters just the reverse of an aircraft entering ground effect during landing. The aircraft leaving ground effect will: • Require an increase in AOA to maintain the same CL • Experience an increase in induced drag ... nose-up change in moment • Experience a reduction in static source pressure and increase in indicated airspeed Ground effect must be considered during takeoffs and landings. For example, if a pilot fails to understand the relationship between the aircraft…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 8-1-8
  Chapter 8. Medical Facts for Pilots › Section 1. Fitness for Flight › 8-1-7. Aerobatic Flight

  lower part of the body as in the case of rapid pull-up maneuvers and with the same physiologic effects and symptoms. e. Physiologically, humans progressively adapt to imposed strains and stress, and with practice, any maneuver will have decreasing ... effect. Tolerance to G forces is dependent on human physiology and the individual pilot. These factors include the skeletal anatomy, the cardiovascular architecture, the nervous system, the quality of the blood, the general physical state, and experience and recency…

• Risk Management Handbookp. 6-2
  Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Causes of Errors › Physiological Effects

  Physiological Effects Some of the items listed on the I’m Safe checklist (illness, medication, stress, alcohol, fatigue) have the potential to cause pilot errors. For example, it may become difficult or impossible for a stressed or fatigued pilot ... pilot’s individual sense of vision combined with all the visual signals received at the same time. Psychological Effects Psychological effects include stress, emotion, expectation bias, and the effects of personality. Stress & Emotion…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 8-1-3
  Chapter 8. Medical Facts for Pilots › Section 1. Fitness for Flight › 8-1-2. Effects of Altitude

  physically and mentally safe to fly; not being impaired by: Illness Medication Stress Alcohol Fatigue Emotion 8-1-2. Effects of Altitude a. Hypoxia. 1. Hypoxia is a state of oxygen deficiency in the body sufficient to impair functions ... deterioration in night vision occurs at a cabin pressure altitude as low as 5,000 feet, other significant effects of altitude hypoxia usually do not occur in the normal healthy pilot below 12,000 feet. From…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-43
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance › Effect of Load Distribution

  trim” because of the force exerted by downwash from the wings and the fuselage on the tail surfaces. The effects of the distribution of the aircraft’s useful load have a significant influence on its flight characteristics, even when ... load is within the CG limits and the maximum permissible gross weight. Important among these effects are changes in controllability, stability, and the actual load imposed on the wing. Figure 5-63. Effect of load distribution on balance. Generally…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-12
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Go-Arounds (Rejected Landings) › Ground Effect

  Ground Effect Ground effect is a factor in every landing and every takeoff in fixed-wing airplanes. Ground effect can also be an important factor in go arounds. If the go-around is made close to the ground, the airplane ... ground effect area. Pilots are often lulled into a sense of false security by the apparent “cushion of air” under the wings that initially assists in the transition from an approach descent to a climb. This “cushion of air,” however…