PL.X.C.K1a

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-8
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Instrument Check › Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

  multiple types of airspeeds. Pilots need to be very familiar with each type. • Indicated airspeed (IAS)—the direct instrument reading obtained from the ASI, uncorrected for variations in atmospheric density, installation error, or instrument error. Manufacturers use this airspeed ... normally vary with altitude or temperature. Figure 8-7. Airspeed indicator (ASI). Calibrated airspeed (CAS)—IAS corrected for installation error and instrument error. Although manufacturers attempt to keep airspeed errors to a minimum, it is not possible to eliminate…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 6-27
  Chapter 6, Section II: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying › Common Errors › Fixation

  Common Errors Fixation Fixation, or staring at one instrument, is a common error observed in pilots first learning to utilize trend indicators. The pilot may initially fixate on the trend indicator and make adjustments with reference to that alone. Trend ... pilot in maintaining the desired power or attitude; they should be used in conjunction with the primary and supporting instruments in order to better manage the flight. With the introduction of airspeed tapes, the pilot can monitor airspeed to within…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 5-9
  Chapter 5: Flight Instruments › Dynamic Pressure Type Instruments › Types of Airspeed

  equivalent airspeed (EAS), and true airspeed (TAS). Indicated Airspeed (IAS) IAS is shown on the dial of the instrument, uncorrected for instrument or system errors. Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) CAS is the speed at which the aircraft is moving through ... which is found by correcting IAS for instrument and position errors. The POH/AFM has a chart or graph to correct IAS for these errors and provide the correct CAS for the various flap and landing gear configurations. Equivalent Airspeed…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 6-10
  Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying › Fundamental Skills › Instrument Cross-Check

  These are usually the instruments that should be held at a constant indication. The remaining instruments should help maintain the important instruments at the desired indications, which is also true in using the emergency panel. Cross-checking is mandatory ... instrument flying. In visual flight, a level attitude can be maintained by outside references. However, even then the altimeter must be checked to determine if altitude is being maintained. Due to human error, instrument error, and airplane performance differences…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 8-8
  Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Turn Indicator › Power Control During Straight-and-Level Flight

  approached, adjust power to the new cruising power setting and further adjust pitch attitude to maintain altitude. The instrument indications for straight-and-level flight at normal cruise and during the transition from normal cruise to slow cruise are illustrated ... stabilizes at slow cruise, the attitude indicator shows an approximate level pitch attitude. The altimeter is the primary pitch instrument during level flight, whether flying at a constant airspeed or during a change in airspeed. Altitude should not change during…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 6-24
  Chapter 6, Section II: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying › Fundamental Skills of Attitude Instrument Flying › Instrument Cross-Check

  Instrument Cross-Check The first fundamental skill is cross-checking (also call “scanning”). Cross-checking is the continuous observation of the indications on the control and performance instruments. It is imperative that the new instrument pilot learn to observe ... configuration of some glass panel displays, such as the Garmin G1000, one or more of the performance instruments may be located on an MFD installed to the right of the pilot’s direct forward line of sight. How a pilot…