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From the FAA library
- Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls
Flight Control Systems Flight Controls Aircraft flight control systems consist of primary and secondary systems. The ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary control system and are required to control an aircraft safely during flight. Wing flaps, leading ... edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems constitute the secondary control system and improve the performance characteristics of the airplane or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Primary Flight Controls Aircraft control systems are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness…
- CHAPTER 5. PART 107 SUBPART B, OPERATING RULES (SMALL UAS) › 5.9 VLOS Aircraft Operation › 5.10.1 Small Unmanned Aircraft Operations Near an Airport—Notification and Permissions
remote PIC must yield right-of-way to all other aircraft, including aircraft operating on the surface of the airport (§ 107.43). Remote PICs are prohibited from operating a small unmanned aircraft in a manner that interferes with operations and traffic ... patterns at airports, heliports, and seaplane bases (§ 107.43). Small unmanned aircraft must always yield right-of-way to a manned aircraft. A manned aircraft may alter its flightpath, delay its landing, or take off in order to avoid a small…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Axes of an Aircraft
Whenever an aircraft changes its flight attitude or position in flight, it rotates about one or more of the three axes. [Figure 5-18] The aircraft’s motion about its longitudinal axis resembles the roll of a ship from side ... side. In fact, the names used to describe the motion about an aircraft’s three axes were originally nautical terms. They have been adapted to aeronautical terminology due to the similarity of motion of aircraft and seagoing ships. The motion…
- CHAPTER 5. PART 107 SUBPART B, OPERATING RULES (SMALL UAS) › 5.17 Remote Identification of Unmanned Aircraft Systems › 5.17.3 Small unmanned aircraft without remote identification
small unmanned aircraft may be equipped with a remote identification broadcast module, or the small unmanned aircraft may be operated within an FAA-recognized identification area (FRIA) (§ 89.115). Unmanned aircraft equipped with remote identification modules may be integrated ... manufacturer (e.g., if a manufacturer upgraded or retrofit the aircraft) or a standalone broadcast module installed by the user secured to the unmanned aircraft prior to takeoff. The remote identification broadcast module broadcasts certain message elements directly from the unmanned…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aircraft Design Characteristics
Aircraft Design Characteristics Each aircraft handles somewhat differently because each resists or responds to control pressures in its own way. For example, a training aircraft is quick to respond to control applications, while a transport aircraft feels heavy ... controls and responds to control pressures more slowly. These features can be designed into an aircraft to facilitate the particular purpose of the aircraft by considering certain stability and maneuvering requirements. The following discussion summarizes the more important aspects…
- Chapter 3: Aircraft Construction › Lift and Basic Aerodynamics
Weight pulls the aircraft downward because of the force of gravity. It opposes lift and acts vertically downward through the aircraft’s center of gravity (CG). Lift opposes the downward force of weight, is produced by the dynamic effect ... wing, and acts perpendicular to the flight path through the wing’s center of lift (CL). An aircraft moves in three dimensions and is controlled by moving it about one or more of its axes. The longitudinal, or roll, axis…