Remote Pilot – Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems
›Area of Operation I. Regulations6 tasks
Task A. General
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in the general regulatory requirements of 14 CFR parts 89 and 107.
References: 14 CFR parts 89 and 107, subpart A; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
UA.I.A.K1Applicability of 14 CFR part 107 to small unmanned aircraft operations.UA.I.A.K2Definitions used in 14 CFR part 107.UA.I.A.K3The ramifications of falsification, reproduction, or alteration of a certificate, rating, authorization, record, or report.UA.I.A.K4Accident reporting.UA.I.A.K5Inspection, testing, and demonstration of compliance.UA.I.A.K6Multiple category sUAS.UA.I.A.K7Record retention.UA.I.A.K8Previously manufactured sUAS.
Task B. Operating Rules
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable of the operating rules of 14 CFR parts 89 and 107, the registration rules of 14 CFR parts 47 and 48, and other associated operating requirements.
References: 14 CFR parts 47, 48, 89, and 107, subpart B; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
UA.I.B.K1Registration requirements for sUAS.UA.I.B.K2Requirement for the sUAS to be in a condition for safe operation.UA.I.B.K3Medical condition(s) that would interfere with safe operation of an sUAS.UA.I.B.K4Responsibility and authority of the remote PIC.UA.I.B.K4aAllowing a person other than the remote PIC to manipulate the flight controlsUA.I.B.K5Regulatory deviation and reporting requirements for in-flight emergencies.UA.I.B.K6Hazardous operations.UA.I.B.K6aCareless or recklessUA.I.B.K6bDropping an objectUA.I.B.K7Operating from a moving aircraft or moving land- or water-borne vehicle.UA.I.B.K8Alcohol or drugs and the provisions on prohibition of use.UA.I.B.K9Daylight operations.UA.I.B.K10Visual line of sight (VLOS) aircraft operations.UA.I.B.K11Requirements when a visual observer is used.UA.I.B.K12Prohibition of operating multiple sUAS.UA.I.B.K13Prohibition of carrying hazardous material.UA.I.B.K14Staying safely away from other aircraft and right-of-way rules.UA.I.B.K14aSee and avoid other aircraft and other potential hazard considerations of the remote PICUA.I.B.K15Operations over human beings (Refer to Area of Operation I, Task E).UA.I.B.K16Prior authorization required for operation in certain airspace.UA.I.B.K17Operating in the vicinity of airports.UA.I.B.K18Operating in prohibited or restricted areas.UA.I.B.K19Flight restrictions in the proximity of certain areas designated by notice to airmen (NOTAM).UA.I.B.K20Preflight familiarization, inspection, and actions for aircraft operations.UA.I.B.K21Operating limitations for sUAS.UA.I.B.K21aMaximum groundspeedUA.I.B.K21bAltitude limitationsUA.I.B.K21cMinimum visibilityUA.I.B.K21dCloud clearance requirementsUA.I.B.K22Requirements for a Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS rating.UA.I.B.K23Automated operations.UA.I.B.K24Civil twilight operations.UA.I.B.K25Night operations.UA.I.B.K26Transportation of property.UA.I.B.K27ATC transponder equipment prohibition.UA.I.B.K28ADS-B Out prohibition.
Task C. Remote Pilot Certification with an sUAS Rating
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in the requirements associated with remote pilot certification with an sUAS rating.
References: 14 CFR part 107, subpart C; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
Task D. Waivers
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable of the FAA waiver policy and requirements.
References: 14 CFR part 107, subpart D; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
Task E. Operations Over People
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable of the operating rules of 14 CFR parts 89 and 107, and the associated operating requirements when operating over people.
References: 14 CFR parts 89 and 107; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
UA.I.E.K1Remote pilot responsibilities when operating over people.UA.I.E.K2Operations over people at night.UA.I.E.K3Category of operations, including:UA.I.E.K3aCategory 1UA.I.E.K3bCategory 2UA.I.E.K3cCategory 3UA.I.E.K3dCategory 4UA.I.E.K4Selecting an operational area.UA.I.E.K5Minimum distances from a person.UA.I.E.K6Operations over moving vehicles.UA.I.E.K7Modifications to an sUAS.UA.I.E.K8Closed and restricted access sites.UA.I.E.K9Remote Pilot operating instructions.UA.I.E.K10Required components and Category declaration.UA.I.E.K11Optional components.UA.I.E.K12Applicant produced, designed, or modified sUAS for operations over people.UA.I.E.K13Declaration of Compliance (DoC).UA.I.E.K14Maintenance of an sUAS that is eligible for operations over people.UA.I.E.K15Means of Compliance (MoC).UA.I.E.K16Impact kinetic energy.UA.I.E.K17Exposed rotating parts.
Task F. Remote Identification (RID)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge associated with operating rules of 14 CFR part 89 and their associated operating requirements.
References: 14 CFR part 89; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
›Area of Operation II. Airspace Classification and Operating Requirements2 tasks
Task A. Airspace Classification
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in airspace classification.
References: 14 CFR part 71; AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
UA.II.A.K1General airspace:UA.II.A.K1aClass B controlled airspaceUA.II.A.K1bClass C controlled airspaceUA.II.A.K1cClass D controlled airspaceUA.II.A.K1dClass E controlled airspaceUA.II.A.K1eClass G uncontrolled airspaceUA.II.A.K2Special-use airspace, such as prohibited, restricted, warning areas, military operation areas, alert areas, and controlled firing areas.UA.II.A.K3Other airspace areas, such as Airport Advisory Services, Military Training Routes (MTRs), Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs), Parachute Jump Operations, Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSAs), National Security Areas (NSA) and Visual Flight Rules (VFR) routes.UA.II.A.K4Air Traffic Control (ATC) and the NAS.
Task B. Airspace Operational Requirements
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable of airspace operational requirements.
References: 14 CFR part 71; AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22; SAFO 10015
UA.II.B.K1Basic weather minimums.UA.II.B.K2ATC authorizations and related operating limitations.UA.II.B.K3Operations near airports.UA.II.B.K4Potential flight hazards.UA.II.B.K4aCommon aircraft accident causal factorsUA.II.B.K4bAvoid flight beneath unmanned balloonsUA.II.B.K4cEmergency airborne inspection of other aircraftUA.II.B.K4dPrecipitation staticUA.II.B.K4eLight amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser) operations and reporting illumination of aircraftUA.II.B.K4fAvoiding flight in the vicinity of thermal plumes such as smoke stacks and cooling towersUA.II.B.K4gFlying in the wire environmentUA.II.B.K5The NOTAM system, including how to obtain an established NOTAM through Flight Service.UA.II.B.K6Operator equipment for night flight.UA.II.B.K7Ground structures and ground structure lighting.UA.II.B.K8Hazards on the ground that do not have lighting.UA.II.B.K9Manned aircraft lighting.UA.II.B.K10sUAS lighting requirements.
›Area of Operation III. Weather2 tasks
Task A. Sources of Weather
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in sources of weather information.
References: AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
UA.III.A.K1Internet weather briefing and sources of weather available for flight planning purposes.UA.III.A.K2Aviation routine weather reports (METAR).UA.III.A.K3Terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF).UA.III.A.K4Weather charts.UA.III.A.K5Automated surface observing systems (ASOS) and automated weather observing systems (AWOS).
Task B. Effects of Weather on Performance
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable of the effects of weather on performance.
References: AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
UA.III.B.K1Weather factors and their effects on performance.UA.III.B.K1aDensity altitudeUA.III.B.K1bWind and currentsUA.III.B.K1cAtmospheric stability, pressure, and temperatureUA.III.B.K1dAir masses and frontsUA.III.B.K1eThunderstorms and microburstsUA.III.B.K1fTornadoesUA.III.B.K1gIcingUA.III.B.K1hHailUA.III.B.K1iFogUA.III.B.K1jCeiling and visibilityUA.III.B.K1kLightning
›Area of Operation IV. Loading and Performance1 tasks
Task A. Loading and Performance
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in the loading and performance of an sUAS.
References: AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
›Area of Operation V. Operations6 tasks
Task A. Radio Communications Procedures
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in radio communication procedures.
References: AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
UA.V.A.K1Airport operations with and without an operating control tower.UA.V.A.K2The description and use of a Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) to monitor manned aircraft communications.UA.V.A.K3Recommended traffic advisory procedures used by manned aircraft pilots such as self-announcing of position and intentions.UA.V.A.K4Aeronautical advisory communication station (UNICOM) and associated communication procedures used by manned aircraft pilots.UA.V.A.K5Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS).UA.V.A.K6Aircraft call signs and registration numbers.UA.V.A.K7The phonetic alphabet.UA.V.A.K8Phraseology: altitudes, directions, speed, and time.
Task B. Airport Operations
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in airport operations.
References: AC 107-2, 150/5200-32; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
UA.V.B.K1Types of airports such as towered, uncontrolled towered, heliport, and seaplane bases.UA.V.B.K2ATC towers, such as ensuring the remote pilot can monitor and interpret ATC communications to improve situational awareness.UA.V.B.K3Runway markings and signage.UA.V.B.K4Traffic patterns used by manned aircraft pilots.UA.V.B.K5Security Identification Display Areas (SIDA).UA.V.B.K6Sources for airport data.UA.V.B.K6aAeronautical chartsUA.V.B.K6bChart SupplementsUA.V.B.K7Avoiding bird and wildlife hazards and reporting collisions between aircraft and wildlife.UA.V.B.K8Airport and seaplane base lighting.
Task C. Emergency Procedures
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in sUAS emergency procedures.
References: AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22; SAFOs 09013, 10017, 15010
UA.V.C.K1Emergency planning and communication.UA.V.C.K2Characteristics and potential hazards of lithium batteries.UA.V.C.K2aSafe transportation such as proper inspection and handlingUA.V.C.K2bSafe chargingUA.V.C.K2cSafe usageUA.V.C.K2dRisks of fires involving lithium batteriesUA.V.C.K3Loss of aircraft control link and fly-aways.UA.V.C.K4Loss of Global Positioning System (GPS) signal during flight and potential consequences.UA.V.C.K5Frequency spectrums and associated limitations.UA.V.C.K6Procedures for operations over people.UA.V.C.K7Procedures for operations at night.
Task D. Aeronautical Decision-Making
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in aeronautical decision-making.
References: AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
Task E. Physiology
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in the physiological factors affecting remote pilot performance.
References: AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
UA.V.E.K1Physiological considerations and their effects on safety such as dehydration and heatstroke.UA.V.E.K2Drug and alcohol use.UA.V.E.K3Prescription and over-the-counter medication.UA.V.E.K4Hyperventilation.UA.V.E.K5Stress and fatigue.UA.V.E.K6Factors affecting vision.UA.V.E.K7Fitness for flight.UA.V.E.K8Physiological aspects of night operation.UA.V.E.K9Night illusions.
Task F. Maintenance and Inspection Procedures
To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in sUAS maintenance and inspection procedures.
References: AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22 A-7 Appendix 5: Abbreviations and Acronyms Abbreviations and Acronyms A-8 Appendix 1: Certification Knowledge Test, Eligibility, and Testing Centers Certification Knowledge Test Description The certification knowledge test is an important part of the airman certification process. Applicants who do not meet the requirements in 14 CFR part 107, section 107.61(d)(2) must pass the knowledge test before applying for a Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS rating. The certification knowledge test consists of objective, multiple-choice questions. There is a single correct response for each test question. Each test question is independent of other questions. A correct response to one question does not depend upon, or influence, the correct response to another. The knowledge test applicant has up to two hours to complete the test. UAS Topics Percentage of Items on Test Total Number of Questions 60 Appendix 1: Certification Knowledge Test, Eligibility, and Testing Centers Aviation English Language Standard In accordance with the requirements of 14 CFR part 107, section 107.61(b) and the FAA English Language Standard for an FAA Certificate Issued Under 14 CFR parts 61, 63, 65, and 107 (AC 60-28, as amended), throughout the application and testing process, the applicant must demonstrate the ability to read, write, speak, and understand the English language. However, the FAA may make an exception if the person is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, such as a hearing impairment.
UA.V.F.K1Basic maintenance.UA.V.F.K2Preflight inspection.UA.V.F.K3Techniques to mitigate mechanical failures of all elements used in sUAS operations such as the battery and any device(s) used to operate the sUAS.UA.V.F.K4Appropriate record keeping.UA.V.F.K5Persons that may perform maintenance on an sUAS.UA.V.F.K6Preflight inspection for night operations.UA.V.F.K7Manufacturer's Declaration of Compliance for Category 2 and 3 operations.
Note: s: [1] If you successfully complete the FAA UAG Knowledge Test, you are not required to meet with an FAA-authorized individual because your identity is established at an AKTC. [2] Paper applications delay issuance of a permanent certificate because the application is verified and processed by the FAAauthorized individual, FSDO, and Airman Registry. [3] An FAA-authorized individual may be a Certificated Flight Instructor (CFI), an Airman Certification Representative (ACR) for a pilot school, a person designated by a FSDO, or a Remote Pilot Examiner (RPE). [4] CFIs can assist in the processing of applications and can facilitate issuance of a temporary certificate through IACRA, but cannot directly issue a temporary certificate when IACRA is not used. Appendix 4: References This ACS is based on the following 14 CFR parts, FAA guidance documents, and other documents. Reference Title 14 CFR part 47 Aircraft Registration 14 CFR part 48 Registration and Marking Requirements for Small Unmanned Aircraft 14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors 14 CFR part 71 Designation of Class A, B, C, D, and E Airspace Areas; Air Traffic Service Routes; and Reporting Points 14 CFR part 89 Remote Identification (RID) 14 CFR part 107 Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) AC 00-6 Aviation Weather AC 60-28 FAA English Language Standard for an FAA Certificate Issued Under 14 CFR Parts 61, 63, 65, and 107 AC 107-2 Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) AC 150/5200-32 Reporting Wildlife Aircraft Strikes AIM Aeronautical Information Manual FAA-H-8083-2 Risk Management Handbook FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge FAA-G-8082-22 Remote Pilot – Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Study Guide SAFO 09013 Fighting Fires Caused by Lithium Type Batteries in Portable Electronic Devices SAFO 10015 Flying in the Wire Environment SAFO 10017 Risks in Transporting Lithium Batteries in Cargo by Aircraft SAFO 15010 Carriage of Spare Lithium Batteries in Carry-on and Checked Baggage Users should reference the current edition of the reference documents listed above. Safety Alerts for Operators (SAFOs) and the current edition of all FAA publications is located at www.faa.gov. Appendix 5: Abbreviations and Acronyms Abbreviation or Acronym Definition 14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations AC Advisory Circular ACR Airman Certification Representative ACS Airman Certification Standards ADM Aeronautical Decision-Making AELS Aviation English Language Standard AFS Flight Standards Service AIM Aeronautical Information Manual AKTC Airman Knowledge Testing Center AKTR Airman Knowledge Test Report ASOS Automated Surface Observation System ATC Air Traffic Control ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service AWOS Automated Weather Observation System CFI Certificated Flight Instructor CRM Crew Resource Management CTAF Common Traffic Advisory Frequency DOT Department of Transportation FAA Federal Aviation Administration FSDO Flight Standards District Office FTN FAA Tracking Number GPS Global Positioning System IACRA Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application METAR Aviation Routine Weather Reports (Meteorological Aerodrome Report) MTR Military Training Routes NAS National Airspace System NOTAM Notice to Airmen NSA National Security Areas ODA Organization Designation Authorization PIC Pilot-in-Command RPE Remote Pilot Examiner Appendix 5: Abbreviations and Acronyms Abbreviation or Acronym Definition SAFO Safety Alert for Operators SIDA Security Identification Display Area SMS Safety Management System sUAS Small Unmanned Aircraft System TAF Terminal Area Forecast TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions TRSA Terminal Radar Service Area UAS Unmanned Aircraft Systems UNICOM Aeronautical Advisory Communication Station VFR Visual Flight Rules VLOS Visual Line of Sight