UA.V.E.K9

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• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-27
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Flicker Vertigo › Night Landing Illusions

  Night Landing Illusions Landing illusions occur in many forms. Above featureless terrain at night, there is a natural tendency to fly a lowerthan-normal approach. Elements that cause any type of visual obscurities, such as rain, haze, or a dark ... Bright runway or approach lighting systems can create the illusion that the aircraft is closer to the runway, especially where few lights illuminate the surrounding terrain. Prior to flying at night, it is best to learn and know the challenges…

• Small Unmanned Aircraft System (Small UAS)p. 5-4
  CHAPTER 5. PART 107 SUBPART B, OPERATING RULES (SMALL UAS) › 5.7 Civil Twilight and Operations at Night › 5.7.2 Operations at Night

  operate at night only after completing either a knowledge test that contains questions on night physiology and night visual illusions, or through completion of recurrent training. The recurrent training contains the topics of night physiology and night visual illusions. Chapter…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-26
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Vision in Flight › Reversible Perspective Illusion

  lights along the shoreline can be mistaken for stars in the sky. [Figure 17-22] Reversible Perspective Illusion At night, an aircraft may appear to be moving away from a second aircraft when it is, in fact, approaching a second ... aircraft. This illusion often occurs when an aircraft is flying parallel to another’s course. To determine the direction of flight, pilots should observe aircraft lights and their relative position to the horizon. If the intensity of the lights increases…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-6
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Treatment of Hypoxia › Spatial Disorientation and Illusions

  instrument flight, flight should be avoided in reduced visibility or at night when the horizon is not visible. A pilot can reduce susceptibility to disorienting illusions through training and awareness and learning to rely totally on flight instruments. Figure…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-10
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Ground Lighting Illusions › How To Prevent Landing Errors Due to Optical Illusions

  these illusions and their potentially hazardous consequences, pilots can: 1. Anticipate the possibility of visual illusions during approaches to unfamiliar airports, particularly at night or in adverse weather conditions. Consult airport diagrams and the Chart Supplement U.S. (formerly Airport/Facility Directory ... information on runway slope, terrain, and lighting. Figure 17-7. Runway illusions. 2. Make frequent reference to the altimeter, especially during all approaches, day and night. 3. If possible, conduct an aerial visual inspection of unfamiliar airports before landing…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 11-4
  Chapter 11: Night Operations › Night Illusions › False Horizon

  flickering lights. ⦁ Sunglasses can aid the dark adaptation process, which is delayed by prolonged exposure to bright sunlight. Night Illusions Visual illusions are especially hazardous because pilots rely on their eyes for correct information. Darkness or low visibility increases pilot ... susceptibility to error. Two illusions that lead to spatial disorientation, false horizon and autokinesis, concern the visual system only. False Horizon Flying at night under clear skies with ground lights below can result in situations where it is difficult…